Sociological Theories and Education - 2790 Words

Sociological Theories and Education Patricia L. Johnson SOC 101 Instructor Morrison September 26, 2011 Sociological Theories and Education In the world there are many types of scientific pursuits that try and make sense of all the different things that happen to people and how it affects them, sociology is but one of them. Merriam-Webster defines sociology as â€Å"the science of society, social institutions, and social relationships; specifically: the systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings.† (2011) Simply put, sociology is a way of studying what, how, and why people do the things that they choose to do. In sociology there are three well established theories,†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the grouping of students has been influenced by the Functionalist Theory. In most schools, students are grouped together by not only grade level, but by their academic level. The grade level is what actual grade they are in school, the academic level is actual level that they are working at; student s in the 6th grade may not be working on a 6th grade academic level, they could have learning delays that hinder their progress and could be working on a 3rd or 4th grade academic level. By grouping students by academic levels, schools are able to remediate students on a lower academic level, while still being able to advance students on a higher level in another classroom or area of the class. Having more than one academic level in a classroom can be difficult for the teaching staff, but can be handled by using differentiated instruction and having students who need more support have a paraprofessional provide them with such. Students with emotional and behavior problems (EBD or SEBD depending on severity) are often given access to what are called resource classes or can even be able to go to a school that is specifically designed for children of this nature. In doing so, children are able to have a smaller classroom environment with more teachers and paraprofessionals to help the m catch up to other children in their grade, while helping them learn techniques to control their emotional or behavioral issues. The second theoryShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Sociological Theories in Education1674 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Sociological Theories in Education Crystal Taylor-Johnson SOC101: Introduction to Sociology Professor Christine Henderson November 22, 2010 Education is the most important part of a person’s life. Without a good education people would struggle in everyday life just to be able to get by. There are three theories that help understand education. Even though most people feel theories are just someone’s opinions, education has many different theories that support it because these theories helpRead MoreSociological Theories on Education in the World2078 Words   |  9 PagesSociological Theories on Education in the World Judy Davis SOC 101 Allen Lipscomb March 1, 2010 Sociological Theories on Education in the World There are many different sociological theories on education in America and other parts of the world. Throughout the history of education, the institution has served both economic as well as political needs. Both of these needs have also dictated the function of education. â€Å"Throughout the world, education has become a vast and complex social institutionRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Education Theory And Practice Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesSOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES AND THEIR APPLICABILITY IN EDUCATION THEORY AND PRACTICE Presented by: NDUNG’U M. JOSEPH 2016/ED/33284 To MRS. R. GITONGA APRIL 2016 1.1 Overview The word theory merely refers to a particular kind of explanation. Leedy and Ormrod (2005) point out: â€Å"A theory is an organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon†. Thus, theories explain â€Å"How† and â€Å"Why† something operates as it does (Johnson Christensen, 2007). As statedRead MoreEssay on The Sociological Theories Impact on Education1119 Words   |  5 PagesEducation is the most important part of a person’s life. According to Vissing, social institutions impact educational structures, processes, and outcomes (Vissing, 2011). Education help people gain knowledge and skills to function in everyday life. Educational institutions are designed to transmit information, provide skills, shape attitudes and beliefs, and instill norms and values (Vissing, 2011). Education is important in the functioning of state and local governments. Functionalism, conflictRead MoreEssay on Impact of Sociological Theories on Education1844 Words   |  8 Pages Impact of Sociological Theories on Education Sociologists and educators argue the function of education in society. Historically speaking, education was very informal; formal education was only for the elite. Whether education serves a political or an economic agenda can be best viewed within three perspectives. These perspectives are the functionalist, conflict and interactionist perspective. We will explore the differences and similarities in functionalistRead MoreExamining the Different Sociological Theories on Education Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesEducation and schooling are important in modern societies because it can create opportunities for people to succeed. It is greatly influential to the development of our mentality and morality. Through education and schooling, one gains knowledge and insight that can help with the survival and advancement in society. However, the three main sociological theories have different views on education and its purpose. From a functionalist perspective, this theory focuses on how education operatesRead Moretheories on crime comparison1138 Words   |  5 Pages Theories on Crime Comparison AJS 542 October 14, 2013 Professor Packer Theories on Crime Comparison Every individual is different from the next. The same goes for crime. Society recognizes the multiple types of crimes that exist in society because of this, theorists identify different levels why these crimes exist. This paper will provide information on sociological theory including the relationship between personality and criminal behavior according to sociological theory. AlsoRead MoreA Study Of Human Social Relationships And Organisations Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesa connection between education and social inequilty. The educational system helps ypung people to prepare for the ecomnice system. The structure of the education system helps them with displaine and to prepare them to enter the workforce. As regards to my CA brief I will be discussing what sociologh is. Before I will addressing my main topic which is ,I have been asked to look at the early years sector from a socioligal prepesctive and give the view of 3 leading sociological thinkers and to concludeRead More The Examination of the Residential School System in Canada Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is an essential aspect in our ever-changing societies. It is used as a means of transmitting concepts, knowledge, and va lues, often to younger generations (Ravelli Webber, 2010). Education and schooling differ in all societies, varying based on the methods of teaching of different cultural groups. For instance, Canadian Aboriginal people were taught based on the needs of their individual families and class. This greatly differed from the European system of education, which stressed adequateRead MoreThe Theory Of Body Types, And The Y Chromosome Theory1194 Words   |  5 Pagesto Sociology March 26, 2016 Deviance Many different theories exist regarding deviance. Biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives have applied their different thought processes to produce many theories. Some of these ideas have been discredited, however some remain significant today. Sociological theories differ from biological and psychological theories by looking at external factors rather than internal ones. Biological theories on deviance are the result of looking for answers that

Which Degree Is Right for You

There are many different types of degrees out there. Determining the one that is right for you depends on what you want to do with your education. Certain degrees are required for some jobs—medical degrees, for example. Others are more general. A Master’s Degree in Business (MBA) is a degree that is useful in many, many fields. A Bachelor of Arts degree in almost any discipline will help you get a better job. They tell the world and future employers that you have a well-rounded education. And some people choose to earn degrees that are for their own personal edification, or because they have a passion for a certain topic or discipline. Some doctorates of philosophy (Ph.D.) fall in this category. The emphasis here is on the some. So what are your choices? There are certificates, licenses, undergraduate degrees, and graduate degrees, sometimes referred to as post-graduate degrees. We’ll take a look at each category. Certificates and Licenses Professional certification and licensing, in some fields, is the same thing. In others, it is not, and you’ll find it’s the topic of heated controversy in certain areas. The variables are too numerous to mention in this article, so make sure to research your particular field and understand which one you need, a certificate or a license. You can do this by searching the Internet, visiting your local library or university, or asking a professional in the field. In general, certificates and licenses take about two years to earn and tell potential employers and customers that you know what you’re doing. When you hire an electrician, for example, you want to know that they are licensed and that the work they do for you will be correct, to code, and safe. Undergraduate degrees The term undergraduate encompasses those degrees you earn after a high school diploma or GED credential and before a Masters or Doctoral Degree. It is sometimes referred to as post-secondary. Classes can be taken at any of the many different kinds of colleges and universities, including online universities. There are two general types of undergraduate degrees; Associate’s Degrees and Bachelor’s Degrees. Associate’s Degrees are usually earned in two years, often at a community or vocational college, and generally require 60 credits. Programs will vary. Students who earn an Associate’s Degree sometimes do so to determine if the path they’ve chosen is correct for them. Credits can cost less and are usually transferable to a four-year college if the student chooses to continue their education. Associate of Arts (AA) is a liberal arts program that includes studies in languages, math, science, social science, and the humanities. The major area of study is often expressed as â€Å"an Associate of Arts Degree in English,† or Communication or whatever the students area of study may be. Associate of Sciences (AS) is also a liberal arts program with a greater emphasis on math and sciences. The major area of study is expressed here in the same way, â€Å"Associate of Science in Nursing.† Associate of Applied Science (AAS) puts more emphasis on a particular career path. The credits are generally not transferable to four-year colleges, but the associate will be well-prepared for entry-level employment in their chosen field. The career is expressed here as, â€Å"Associate of Applied Science in Interior Decorating.† Bachelor’s Degrees are earned in four, and sometimes five, years, usually at a college or university, including online universities. Bachelor of Arts (BA) focuses on critical thinking and communication in a wide variety of liberal arts areas, including languages, math, science, social science, and the humanities. Majors may be in subjects such as History, English, Sociology, Philosophy, or Religion, although there are many others. Bachelor of Science (BS) focuses on critical thinking, too, with an emphasis on sciences such as technology and medicine. Majors may be in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Nursing, Economics, or Mechanical Engineering, although, again, there are many others. Graduate Degrees There are two general types of postgraduate degrees, referred to as graduate degrees: Masters Degrees and Doctorates. Master’s Degrees are usually earned in one or more years depending on the field of study. They are generally sought to improve a person’s expertise in their given field, and usually, earn the graduate a higher income. A few types of Master’s Degrees:Master of Arts (MA)Master of Sciences (MS)Master of Fine Arts (MFA)Doctorates generally take three or more years depending on the field of study. There are professional doctorates, a few of which are:Doctor of Medicine (MD)Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM)Doctor of Jurisprudence (JD) or Law There are also research doctorates, known as Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), and honorary doctorates, awarded in recognition of a significant contribution to a field.

Gong Cha Whitespace Marketing Plan - 7782 Words

Gong Cha Whitespace Marketing Plan Name : Vu Viet Hoai Nam Class: BTEC Table of Contents 1. Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 2. Market Processing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 3. Marketing Orientation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 4. Consumer market Vs Business market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 5. Macro environmental factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 6. Micro environmental factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 7. Segmentation Criteria†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Primary Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...11 Secondary Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 8. Market Penetration, Sustainability and Growth†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Primary Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 Secondary Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 9. Buying†¦show more content†¦* High quality of customer cares – By using some social networking to inform customer and give them fast feedback. . 2. Weakness * The Gong Cha brands is only well-known in a few Asia countries. * Most of Gong Cha products are tea. * Gong Cha does not really do much of advertising. 3. Opportunities * Since the Gong Cha only provides drinks nowadays, it can attempt provides food in the future. The food provided may be paid more attention to health. * Gong Cha can consider to expand in some of heating up countries like Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, etc. 4. Threads * Many new drink competitors have appeared gradually. Some strong brands now are starting on their own new tea brand. * The Increasing in cost of materials due to change in climates, transportation, disaster, etc. . Consumer market Vs Business market The consumer market is all about selling products and getting the best revenue from that. So therefore, offers will be placed on products to make them more attractive for people to buy so that company gets the sales. The consumer market is also very competitive and this means that if you wish to be successful within it, you need to keep tabs on what the competition is doing and better them. The consumer market is all about making cheap produce and selling it

The Truth About Children All Over The World - 817 Words

Hi everyone! I thought this film was an excellent and very realistic version of the truth about children all over the world. The babies in the movie are a spitting image of most babies around the world, espcially here in the United States. Below, you will find my answer to the questions asked regardiig these babies. How will the experiences of the four influence their socialization and maturation into adult life? The experiences these babies have gone through so far have most definitely influenced them with regard to maturation and socialization. First, with regard to matruarition. All of these babies are going to devleop and mature into that they are given as the normal for them. They will think that everyone eats and drinks like they do. Their bodies will be infested with this type of food, which will harm them physically. If the parents can change their environment and themselves early enough, there could be positive results for these babies. What life cycle differences do you anticipate among these very diverse experiences? Watching the movie, I didn t see such diversity witth the groups. I know family size is one. I am not sure of the area because I am not from the England. So, I didn t notice drastic difffernces. I do think they come from diffferent educational and financial backgrounds. They seemed to be from different cultures, but acted similar with their actions with regard to family and food. Also, there were variedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Essay On C.S. Lewiss Narnia1598 Words   |  7 PagesC.S. Lewis uses a secondary world, Narnia, to convey complex, thought-provoking messages to readers of The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe. This paper examines the way a selection of Narnias key characteristics prompt debates over logic and faith, comment on the nature of spiritual and metaphysical journeys, allow readers to broaden their conception of their own capabilities, encourage new reflection on the story of Christ and help to clarify conceptions of good and evil. Narnias first characteristicRead MoreBiblical Philosophy Of Education That Is Built Around My Own Personal Philosophy1083 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents. This paper will discuss biblical philosophy of education that is built around my own personal philosophy. It will also discuss the purpose and the reason that we are living. It will help students get the knowledge about Worldview Philosophy of Life Everyone in this world has a worldview that influences them to the role they play in life. 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A rewiew of Challote Salmon performed by horse and bambo Essay Example For Students

A rewiew of Challote Salmon performed by horse and bambo Essay This play was the story of the, life of charlotte salmon. It showed her life from child hood to adult hood and then her death, and also important event in her short life that affected her and in turn affected us. The play had a very dramatic story line as charlotte salmon had a very dramatic life. In the play we saw charlotte forming close relation ships with the characters around her and yet at some point they were all taken from her, firstly her mother: they used several actors to show they many different frames of mind she was in, one calm and playing with her daughter, then frantic using all the levels and space on the stage trying in vein to talk to her husband and then getting to the point of killing her self. I think that this was a fantastic way of showing all aspects of what she was thinking. This technique was used again in the play when her grandmother became suicidal. This piece of theatre was very metaphorical, for example the furniture, at the beginning or the play that each member of the family had represented them: the father being a wardrobe with closed doors, the grand father clock that had no numbers held the grand father and the mother and grandmother being chests of draws being the same at the start and the both ended up the same way. The window that was used in the suicides and almost for the suicide of charlotte to me was a type of portal, not to the out side world as most windows are, but to the after life. The idea of objects representing something else was used through out the play but particularly when charlotte was painting, instead of pictures she drew images that showed an aspect of the play e.g. a key meant secrets as the truth of her mothers death had been locked in a chest and the key hidden, some these images were used again in the play for example when charlottes grandmother died the picture of grief was shown to the audience on a much bigger scale. As the actors chose to use masks they could not use facial expression to portey emotion, so the actors had amplify their move ments, they did this very well with hand gestures and the way and speed of witch the moved, the levels of the stage were also used. They did not merely use the stage to move on, I think by covering it in white cloth it showed a new and pure chapter in charlotte life, when she started to paint. The lighting was used quite effectively in the play, when there was a melancholy part of the play e.g. when her mother died the lighting was low, then in happier times was bright like when they were on holiday. However I do not thin that the lighting was a large part of the effects of the play. In my opinion when the Germans came was such an anticlimax, it is such a curtail part of the play and it could have been so much more dramatic. Technical equipment was used to draw the play to a close; an image of charlotte was projected on to a piece of cloth. She was running and then a black cloud, which I took to be the gas, engulfed her.

Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics

Questions: 1. All living organisms require energy to power their metabolic processes. How do autotrophs such as green plants obtain this energy? Describe the process in detail. After the green plants obtain this energy, how do they (and hetertrophs) use the energy to power their metabolic reactions (what process?). Describe this process. 2. What plant growth regulator(s) causes trees to become dormant in the fall? How is this dormancy broken in the spring? Describe what happens (with respect to growth regulators) as a tree becomes active in the spring after spending a dormant winter. 3. What is Mendelian genetics? How does it differ from non Mendelian genetics? How do mutations occur and what is their effect? Answers: 1. Autotrophs obtain their nutrients and energy from the sunlight, through photosynthesis process in most of the cases. However, in some rare cases they use chemical energy that is obtained from oxidation process. This energy is used to synthesize the necessary organic compounds from the inorganic substances (Tran et al., 2013). In autotrophs, the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates takes place via chemical reactions. Utilizing the energy generated during reaction ATP and NADPH are formed. The energy is stored inside ATP and used in the other metabolic reactions. In the heterotrophs, energy is generated by the oxidation of the reduced organic carbons obtained from plant source to carbon dioxide. This process also releases energy that is utilized in the metabolic reactions of heterotrophs (Tran et al., 2013). 2. Several genetic and chemical growth factors cause dormancy in plants during fall. The chemical factors include the growth hormones of plant such as abscisic acid, cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins etc. Some environmental growth factors are also there such as, level of humidity, availability of water, temperature etc. In the spring, the physiological activities of plant start to function again that had almost stopped during the winter for the adverse environment. The growth regulators start functioning normally with the change in the environmental factors (Roff, 2012). 3. Mendelian genetics deal with the mechanism of the traits and gene transfer from one to the other generation. The Mendelian genetics says that each possible allele for a trait comes from each of the parents but according to the non Mendelian genetics, the traits are related to the single genes of chromosomes. Mutation is a process of permanent alteration of the sequence of DNA of a genome of a particular organism. Mutation causes a permanent change in the phenotypes or genotypes or both. It incorporates new characteristics to the next generation (Roff, 2012). References: Roff, D. (2012).Evolutionary quantitative genetics. Springer Science Business Media. Tran, N. H., Urase, T., Ngo, H. H., Hu, J., Ong, S. L. (2013). Insight into metabolic and cometabolic activities of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms in the biodegradation of emerging trace organic contaminants.Bioresource technology,146, 721-731.